ELL Assessment for Linguistic Differences vs. Learning Disabilities
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Home› Languages› Spanish› Written Language› Fluency

Fluency

Oral Reading that Sounds Like Oral Communication  Is defined as oral reading with speed, accuracy, and proper expression without conscious attention. This is an obvious area of difficulty for ELL students at the beginning stages of English acquisition. When they are readers in the first language, they may read English with the intonation and expression of their L1. This is a natural and developmental process to be expected.

Fluency Components Classroom Implications
Recognizes printed words automatically

L1 Readers: Given the characteristics of L1, ELL students entering English reading performance will erroneously appear to be struggling (because they are naturally using in English what they already know from native language). Oral reading fluency for readers of English as L2 may be influenced in the following ways:

  • Rhythm
  • Tone
  • Sound omission
  • Sound deletion
  • Sound distortion

This is developmental, and as soon as they achieve higher levels of English proficiency.

Groups words quickly
Reads aloud effortlessly
Sounds “natural” while reading
Bridge word recognition with oral production in English

L1 – Primary/Native language
L2 – Second language

 
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